ဘ၀ဟူသည္ ေမွ်ာ္မွန္းတမ္းေနသည့္ အသည္းႏွလံုး၏ ေႏွာင္ၾကိဳးမွ်င္မ်ားအေပၚ ပ်ာကသီ ျဖတ္သန္းသြားရင္း အလြမ္းေတးသီမွဳပါ (တဂုိး)
Showing posts with label Articles. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Articles. Show all posts

Wednesday, 4 April 2012

The Role of Buddhist Ethics in Daily Life

                                                  Introduction

The role of Buddhist ethics in our society is very necessary and important element. In modern academic work the study of ethics is becoming very popular topic such as among religious concern, science, politics, social and medical context etc. Particularly it classify into a branch of philosophy. Therefore, it is clearly seen that how the role of ethics takes place major position in our human society. Broadly speaking, in everyday of our lives ethics are involved in various ways. Whatever we act or decide to do something, the issue of ethics is to be considered seriously concerning our activities are weather right and wrong or ethical or unethical standard. Therefore is the basic considerable and it comes out to be an essential part of our daily life.
At the same time, the way of the understanding of ethics is discussed widely as a controversy question in different field of modern society with argument or disagreement regarding from different perspective within various societies. In modern day especially in West, Buddhist moral concepts are widely discussed from their point of view pointing out Buddhism has rich ideas to deal with modern ethical interests.
In this study of The Role of Buddhist Ethics in Daily Life, I will mainly emphasize on Buddhist ethics as my subject field, from Buddhist perspective, which plays a very important role regarding as a basic foundation of Buddhist doctrine.
                                                    

Friday, 6 January 2012

A Complex Study of Lay Person’s Arahantship in Milindapañhña

Historical introduction of Milindapañha
It is known that about 500 years after the Buddha’s death and just 1st century (2nd Century B.C)[1] before modern era, there was a King named Minlinda (Menander) who was an Indo-Bactrian ruler and had great knowledge and lived in Sagala city in Yonaka country, which is in Pakistan modern day. King Milinda asked Ven.Nagasena many questions and discussed concerning with Buddhist doctrines, philosophical, psychological and ethical concepts and so on and Ven.Nagasena answered them all and discussed with the King. So it came to know as Minlindapañña (the Questions of King Milinda) which is the dialogue between the Kind and Ven.Nagasena. In addition, the Minlindapañña is one of most famous text for Theravada Buddhism and it is recognized highly in Tipitaka being put under Khdhaka Nikaya in Burmese Tipitaka vision.
In this paper, I would like to present topic on A complex study of lay person’s Arahantship in Milindapañhña and I will discuss it also give some ideas and information from other original Pali text and sources concerning with the point.

Arahantship of lay person in Milindapañhña

“Whosever has attained, as a layman, to Arahantship, one of two conditions are possible to him and on the othereither that very day he enters the Order, or he dies away, for beyond that day he cannot last”.[2] This is proposed by the King and asked to Ven.Nagasena the reason why that person has to die.   Ven Nagasena replied that “it is the condition of laymanship which is at fault, O King. In that faulty condition, and by reason of the weakness of the condition itself, the layman who, as such, has attained to Arahatship must either, that very day, enter the Order or did away. That is not the fault of Arahatship, O King. It is laymanship that is at fault, through not being strong enough.”[3]

Thursday, 15 December 2011

How the flood damages ecosystem and its impact at MCU


            In this paper, I would like to express, from ecological point of view based on my won flooded experience, how the flood damages ecosystem and its impact at MCU, my university as much as I have seen and understood while living with flood there.
             An ecosystem means all the plants and living creatures in a particular area in relation to each other and to their environment. In short, an ecosystem is made up of living things and no-living things.
             As ecosystem depends on interdependent relationship, the working process of system is very essential and important and it must be balance systemically so that it can carry on its function correctly bringing living things and no-living things together without any serious problem between their relationships.
             But when unexpected things such as the flood, fire and earthquake happen suddenly, it can cause to damage the ecological process in several ways. As a result, the whole system can be damaged or broken in negative impact.
             Just earlier a few weeks before the flood at MCU, led by Ajran Montra, lecturer in Buddhism & Ecology, (on 28, Sep 11) we 3rd year students went on an educational trip to Namtam San forest to study about ecology. Now as a flood victim at MCU, I have witnessed the importance of ecology and the evidence how the ecosystem can be damaged and its impact in sudden changes.
             As I have observed when the flood beings to hit this area at the second week of October heavily, different beings face various difficult situations. In my case, I had to move my belongings to safety place, soon later water reaches all rooms at ground floor including mine. It is needless to say that how the flood affected residents suffer challenging new problems losing their properties even they can’t stay at their own homes, move somewhere and take refuge where relief are provided.
             Since flood, MCU is playing an important role as a flood victims’ home giving shelter, food, medicines, health care etc in needs. Having MCU here is so lucky and beneficial for local residents. On the other hand, with large number of people, environmental problem arises such pollution and crowded in certain location.
             To take an example concerning its impact, before the flood at MCU, there is no rat, mouse and other new insects in my room but now there are many of them there since the flood comes. The reason is that when the whole landscape is covered with the floodwater, they have to run and find new shelter for their lives. By this way, they immigrate to my room
             Another big trouble is that it is not easy for them to get food since all surrounding fields are flooded then they become so hungry also may be so angry due to nothing to eat at all in my room. For that reason they start to bite my books, materials made in wood, clothes and robes. Within a short time, the room where has already enough dirt since water inters is getting more dirt with rubbish and bad smell. You know, I am not quick sure whether they eat or just bite these things. Anyway, I try to recognize them as the flood victims like me.
             Now let’s look at the plants, to know what happened to them, I have taken plenty of morning and evening walks around the university compound. As you know, at MCU most of plants are still young just in new plantation, not enough strong to fight their enemies therefore unfortunately they lost a battle with the flood.
             Besides, there is a garden near hostel where different plants are grown and kept for plantation. This garden is completely destroyed. During the flood period, flowering plants, trees and green grass lands have been under the floodwater for long. At last, many of them never wake up again in half dying, drying, fallen down even well grown trees.
             At the same time, many insects and species such as birds, bees, butterflies, grasshoppers and ants have been disappeared. In other words, various species population and communities have been lost and brought away with the flood. From ecological observation, that is a great lost.
             It can clearly be seen that how the ecosystem at MCU has been damaged and can be broken badly by the flood.
             Now you can imagine in your mind what MCU will look like: around the compound- rubbish, garbage collections, dirt, bad smell water, mud on grass lands, buildings in dirt, damaged materials, broken and dying trees here and there.
             It can take long time to make full recovery of damaged ecosystem and to become normal atmosphere again ecologically at MCU.
             As I have experienced, it can be easily understood that being a part of ecosystem, we are unable to escape from its positive or negative impact. In fact, we are affected directly or indirectly in this kind of situation.
             Although the flood is a kind of natural disaster, somehow we human beings are involved in the case according to cause and effect, Buddhist Kamma Theory. So we are strongly advised to be careful and aware of our actions and activities as well as mental in order that we are not harmful to ourselves and ecosystem environmental ethically.
  
Ashin Nyanika 
Flooded Memorial Days at MCU 
MCU

Big Cleaning Day at MCU (26-Nov 2011)


Mahachulalongkornrajavidyala University (MCU) known as Mahachula is located in Wanoi, Ayutthaya where the flood hits badly for long days.
            After nearly one month with the flood, MCU is becoming better now. Most of floodwaters have receded or gone without saying ‘Good By’ which we want to hear all the time because we never welcomed it at all.
            Even though the floodwater has gone, it is still killing us unfriendly by leaving rubbish, dirt, mud, bad smell water etc. To clean up all these things is very important so that unnecessary serious consequences such as diseases and illness from unclean and dirt water and mosquitoes will be prevented before it affects residents.
            Aware of this case, 26-11-11 becomes a ‘Big Cleaning Day’ at MCU organized by MUC and another two foundations. At the day of early morning they come by buses and there are about 400 hundred volunteers who are going to take part in this event at MCU. Most of them are young boys and girls including university students, teacher and social workers as well as Buddhist monks.
            The opening ceremony is held in front of large poster with ‘Big Cleaning Day’ written on it, at middle of classroom buildings compound. The rector of MCU and two representatives from their foundations give speeches and then they all start cleaning, brushing, dusting, scrubbing, sweeping, washing and wiping etc. They all are very active like a busy bee family.
            This is really amazing how they all are doing activities together with joy under the bright and hot sunshine. This will be one of great pictures to be imprinted on my mind forever.
             Big Cleaning Day from morning to evening for one day ends happily with interviews, taking photos, singing songs, expressing feelings and clapping.
            It can take many days to make full recovery of damaged materials and to become normal atmospheric conditions. Also there are still many things left to do and to be cleaned up.

                                            Ashin Nyanika
Flooded Memorial Days at MCU
 MCU    













Sunday, 4 September 2011

တစ္ကုိယ္ေကာင္း မဆန္မိဖို႔

ဒီကေန႔ ကမၻာ့တစ္၀ွမ္း ေနရာအႏွ႔ံလိုလို စီးပြားေရးႏွင့္ဆက္စပ္ ပတ္သက္ေနတဲ့ အလုပ္လက္မဲ့ ျပႆနာေတြ၊ အက်င့္ပ်က္ အဂတိလိုက္စားမွဳေတြ၊ ဆင္းရဲႏြမ္းပါးမွဳေတြ၊ စား၀တ္ေနေရး မေျပလည္မွဳေတြ၊ စီးပြားေရး က်ဆင္းမွဳေတြ စတဲ့ သတင္းမ်ိဳးစံုကို က်ယ္က်ယ္ေလာင္ေလာင္ ၾကားေနရၾကရပါတယ္။ စီးပြားေရး ျပႆနာဟာ မၾကာေသးခင္က ျဗိတိန္ႏိုင္ငံမွာ ရုပ္ပ်က္ဆင္းပ်က္ လုယက္၊ဖ်က္ဆီး၊ အဓိကရုဏ္းျဖစ္ ျဖစ္ေပၚခဲ့ရျခင္းရဲ့  အဓိက အေျခခံတစ္ခ်က္ျဖစ္တယ္လို႔ BBC ျမန္မာပိုင္းမွာ ေဆြးေႏြးထားၾကတာကိုလည္း ၾကားလိုက္ ရပါတယ္။ စား၀တ္ေနေရးကို ႏိုင္ငံတိုင္း သတိထားရမယ္ဆိုတာ သက္ေသျပရာေရာက္ပါတယ္။
ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံနဲ႔ပတ္သက္ျပီးေတာ့လည္း အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္သူ လူတန္းစားေတြရဲ့ စီးပြားေရး အက်င့္ပ်က္ အဂတိ လိုက္စား မွဳေတြ၊  အႏိုင္က်င့္မွဳေတြ၊ တစ္ကိုယ္ေကာင္း ဆန္အတၱၾကီးမွဳေတြ စတဲ့အျပဳအမူေတြဟာ ႏိုင္ငံ မျငိမ္းခ်မ္း၊ မတိုးတက္၊ မၾကီးပြားျခင္းရဲ႔ အဓိက အေၾကာင္းအရာ ျဖစ္တယ္လို႔ ေ၀ဖန္ေျပာဆိုၾကတာကို အျမဲတမ္းလို ၾကားေနရပါတယ္။ ဒီေတာ့ ျမန္မာ့ႏိုင္ငံအေရး မွာလည္း စီးပြားေရးက႑ဟာ ဘယ္ေလာက္ထိ အေရးၾကီးတယ္ဆုိတာ ဘယ္သူမွ မျငင္းဆိုႏိုင္ပါဘူး။

Thursday, 25 August 2011

ဘ၀ပန္းရံု

          
ပန္းဥယ်ာဥ္ရွိ ပန္းရုံ၌ ေကာင္းေသာ ပန္းမ်ားလည္းပြင့္ႏိုင္၏၊ မေကာင္းေသာ ပန္းမ်ားလည္း ပြင့္ႏိုင္၏။ သို႔ရာတြင္ ပန္းသည္မ်ားကမူ မေကာင္းေသာ ပန္းမ်ားကို ပယ္ရွား၍၊ ေကာင္းေသာ ပန္းမ်ားကို ေရြးခ်ယ္၍ သီကုံးၾက၏။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ပန္းသည္မ်ားသည္ မိမိတို႔၏ ပန္းဥယ်ာဥ္၊ ပန္းရုံမ်ား၌ မေကာင္းေသာ ပန္းမ်ား မပြင့္ နိုင္ေအာင္၊ ေကာင္းေသာပန္းမ်ား ပြင့္သည္ထက္ ပြင့္ႏိုင္ေအာင္ ၾကိဳပမ္းၾက၏။ သို႔မွသာ ပန္းသည္မ်ားသည္ မိမိတို႔၏ ပန္းဥယ်ာဥ္ရွိ ပန္းရုံမ်ားမွ လွပေသာ ပန္းမ်ားကို သီကုံးႏိုင္မည္ျဖစ္၏။ ပန္းကုံးမ်ား လွပပါမွ ပန္းကုံးမ်ား၏ တန္ဖိုး သည္ ျမင့္မားမည္ ျဖစ္၏။

ထို႔အတူပင္ ေလာကသည္ ပန္းဥယ်ာဥ္ျဖစ္၍၊ ဘ၀သည္ ပန္းရံုျဖစ္၏။ ေလာကတည္းဟူေသာ ပန္းဥယ်ာဥ္ရွိ ဘ၀တည္းဟူေသာ ပန္းရုံမွ အကုသိုလ္ ပန္းမ်ားလည္း ပြင့္ႏိုင္၏၊ ကုသိုလ္ပန္းမ်ားလည္း ပြင့္ႏိုင္၏။ သတၱ၀ါ တို႔သည္ မိမိတို႔၏ ဘ၀တည္းဟူေသာ ပန္းရံုမွ အကုသိုလ္ပန္းမ်ား မပြင့္ရေလေအာင္၊ ကုသိုလ္ပန္းမ်ားသာ ပြင့္ရေလေအာင္ ၾကိဳးပမ္းအပ္၏။

အကုသိုလ္ပန္းမ်ားကိုလည္း သီကုံး၍ ရ၏၊ ကုသိုလ္ပန္းမ်ားကိုလည္း သီကံုး၍ ရ၏။ အကုသိုလ္ပန္းမ်ားကို သီကံုးေသာအခါ  သမုဒယ သစၥာပန္းကုံးကိုရ၏၊ ကုသိုလ္ပန္းမ်ားကို သီကံုးေသာအခါ မဂၢသစၥာ ပန္းကံုးကို ရ၏။ ေလာကတည္းဟူေသာ ပန္းဥယ်ာဥ္ကို သမုဒယသစၥာပန္းကံုးမ်ားျဖင့္ တန္ဆာဆင္ေသာအခါ ေလာကတည္းဟူေသာ ပန္းဥယ်ာဥ္သည္ ဒုကၡသစၥာ သေဘာကိုေဆာင္ကာ အျမဲတမ္း မျငိမ္းမခ်မ္း ရွိေပ လိမ့္မည္။ ေလာကတည္းဟူေသာ ပန္းဥယ်ာဥ္ကို မဂၢသစၥာပန္းကုံးမ်ာျဖင့္ တန္ဆာဆင္ေသာအခါ ေလာကတည္းဟူေသာ ပန္းဥယ်ာဥ္သည္ နိေရာဓသစၥာ သေဘာကို ေဆာင္ကာ အျမဲတမ္း ျငိမ္းခ်မ္းျခင္း ရွိေပလိမ့္မည္။

အက်ဥ္းအားျဖင့္ ဆုိရလွ်င္ ေလာကသည္ ပန္းဥယ်ာဥ္ျဖစ္၍ ဘ၀သည္ ပန္းရုံျဖစ္၏။ ဘ၀ပန္းရံုမွ အကုသိုလ္ပန္းမ်ား မပြင့္ဘဲ ကုသိုလ္ပန္းမ်ားသာ ပြင့္ေအာင္ ၾကိဳးပမ္းရ၏။ အကုသိုလ္ပန္းမ်ား ပြင့္လွ်င္ ဘ၀သည္ ဒုကၡျဖစ္၏။ ကုသိုလ္ပန္းမ်ားပြင့္လွ်င္ ဘ၀သည္ ဒုကၡနိေရာဓသစၥာျဖစ္၍ သႏၱိသုခပင္ ျဖစ္ပါ၏။

[ဆရာၾကီး ဦးေရႊေအာင္၏ ဓမၼပဒ၊ ပုပၹ၀ဂ္  မွ မွ်ေ၀ခံစားပါသည္]

Monday, 22 August 2011

လူ႔သမိုင္းေခတ္ဦး ကိုးကြယ္ပူေဇာ္ပသမွဳ


 ဗဟံု ေ၀ သရဏံ ယႏၲိ၊ ပဗၺတာနိ ၀နာနိ စ။
အာရာမ႐ုကၡေစတ်ာနိ၊မႏုႆာ ဘယတဇၨိတာ။

ေၾကာက္႐ြ႔ံထိတ္လန္႔ကုန္ေသာမ်ားစြာေသာ လူတို႔သည္ေတာင္တို႔ကို လည္းေကာင္း၊ 
 ေတာတို႔ကိုလည္းေကာင္း၊ေနရာတို႔ကိုလည္းေကာင္း၊အထိကရသစ္ပင္စေသာ 
 ကိုးကြယ္ရာတို႔ကိုလည္းေကာင္း ကိုးကြယ္ ပူေဇာ္ပသ ၾကကုန္၏။  
                                  (ဓမၼပဒ ဂါထာ၊ ၁၈၈)
လူ႔သမိုင္းစတင္ကတည္းက လူသားတို႔ဟာ ကိုးကြယ္၊ယံုၾကည္မွဳ ဘာသာတရားကို သူတို႔ရဲ့ အေတြးအေခၚ၊ ယံုၾကည္မွဳေပါင္း  မ်ဳိးစံုနဲ႔ စိုးရိမ္ေၾကာက္လန္႔မူေတြကို အေျခခံျပီး နားလည္သလို ပံုေဖာ္ဖန္တီးခဲ့ၾကပါတယ္၊ လူသားတို႔၏ ေရွးသမိုင္းဦးေခတ္မွာ အင္မတန္ ၾကမ္းတမ္း၊ေၾကာက္မက္ဖြယ္ေကာင္းတဲ့ အယူအဆကိုးကြယ္ ယံုၾကည္ မွဳမ်ိဳးကိုလည္း ေတြ႔ရပါတယ္၊ အၾကမ္းတမ္းဆံုးကေတာ့ Human-sacrifice   လူ႔အသက္    ေသြးတို႔ျဖင့္ သူတို႔ ကိုးကြယ္ယံုၾကည္တဲ့ နတ္မ်ားကို သူတို႔ရဲ့ အက်ဳိးစီးပြားကို ေဆာင္ရြက္ေပးႏိုင္လိမ့္မယ္ဆိုတဲ့ လဲႊမွားတဲ့ ယံုၾကည္မွဳနဲ႔ ပူေဇာ္ ပသမွဳျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒီအျပဳအမူ လုပ္ေဆာင္ခ်က္ဟာ အဲဒီအခါက အရမ္းေခတ္စားတဲ့ ဘာသာထံုးတမ္းစဥ္လာ က်င့္စဥ္တစ္ခုျဖစ္ ခံယူခဲ့ၾကျပီး တန္ဖိုးရွိတဲ့ လူ႔အသက္ ေပါင္းမ်ားစြာကို ပူေဇာ္ပသမွဳျပဳခဲ့ၾကပါတယ္။  ဒီလိုၾကမ္းတမ္းရက္စက္တဲ့ ယံုၾကည္မွဳ ဘာသာေရး က်င့္စဥ္ေတြကို ကမၻာ႔သမိုင္း ေနရာေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားမွာ ရွိခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ဥပမာ အီဂ်စ္၊ ဂရိ၊ေရာမ၊ တရုတ္၊အိႏၵိယ၊ပစိဖိတ္ေဒသ၊ ေျမာက္အေမရိက၊
ေတာင္အေမရိက၊ အေနာက္အေမရိက၊ အာဖရိက စသည္ေနရာေဒသေတြမွာ အမ်ားအျပား
ေတြ႔ရတယ္လို႔ ဆိုပါတယ္။ Wikipedia[1] အဆိုအရ  ဒီလိုအေတြးအေခၚအျပဳအမူမ်ားကို ႏွစ္ေပါင္း ၅၀၀၀၀ ခန္႔ (Late Stone Age) အခ်ိန္က စျပီး ေတြ႔ရွိရတယ္လို႔ဆိုပါတယ္။ တရုတ္တြင္ B.C 5 ရာစုတြင္စတင္တည္ေဆာက္ခဲ့တဲ့ Great Wall မဟာတံတိုင္းကို ေဆာက္လုပ္ရာတြင္ သူ႔အသက္ေထာက္ေပါင္းမ်ားစြာကို ပူေဇာ္ပသမွဳျပဳခဲ့သည္ဟုဆို၏။ ေျမာက္အေမရိကတိုက္၊ ယခုလက္ရွိ မကၠဆီကို၊ Maya ေခတ္တြင္ Actes လူမ်ိဳးတို႔သည္  လူ႔အသက္ေသြးေထာင္ေပါင္း
မ်ားတို႔ျဖင့္ နတ္ပူေဇာ္သမွဳကို အၾကီးအက်ယ္ျပဳခဲ့ၾက၏။ 2006 ႏွစ္တြင္ရုိက္ကူးခဲ့တဲ့ Apocalypto ရုပ္ရွင္ကားဟာ Maya Civilization ေခတ္ သမိုင္းျဖစ္ရပ္မွန္ကို အေျခခံထားတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ပူေဇာ္ပသရာတြင္အသံုးျပဳခဲ့တဲ့ ေက်ာက္ယာဇ္ပလႅင္ကို္ မကၠဆီကို ျပတိုက္တြင္ ယခုထိသိမ္းဆည္း
ထားပါတယ္၊ ၄င္းပလႅင္ေပၚတြင္ လူ႔အသက္ေပါင္း တစ္သိန္းေက်ာ္ကို ပူေဇာ္မွဳျပဳခဲ့သည္ဟုဆို ပါတယ္။ အိႏၵိယ သမိုင္း ကိုးကြယ္ပူေဇာ္ပသမွဳ ႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍လည္း တိရစၧာန္၊လူ႔ အသက္ ေသြးတို႔ျဖင့္ ကိုးကြယ္ပူေဇာ္ပသမွဳမ်ိဳးကို ဗုဒၶဘာသာစာေပမွတ္တမ္းတြင္ ေတြ႔ရွိရပါတယ္၊ ေနာက္ျပီး ထူးျခားတဲ့ဘာသာေရး က်င့္စဥ္တစ္ခုကား  အိမ္ရွင္မတစ္ဦဟာ သူ႔မရဲ့ခင္ပြန္း ေသဆံုးသြားပါက သူႏွင့္အတူ လိုက္ေသေပးရျခင္းပင္ျဖစ္၏၊ ၄င္းက်င့္၀တ္(Sati)ဟာ အိႏၵိယ၏ အဓိက ဘာသာေရးတစ္ခုျဖစ္တဲ့ ဟိႏၵဴဘာသာေရးမွ ဆင္းသက္လာတဲ့ က်င့္၀တ္တစ္ခုျဖစ္ပါတယ္၊ ဒီက်င့္၀တ္ဟာ ၁၈ ရာစုေလာက္ထိ ရွင္သန္ခဲ့ပံုေပၚပါတယ္။ Jules Verne ရဲ့ Around the World in Eighty Days ဆိုတဲ့ Adventure Noble ထဲမွာ အဲဒီအေၾကာင္းေလးကို မွတ္တမ္းတင္ထားတာကို သတိျပဳမိလို႔ရပါတယ္။
 မွက္ေမွာက္ေခတ္ ၂၁ ရာစုမွာပင္ အိႏၵိယႏိုင္ငံတြင္ လူ႔အသက္ေသြးတို႔ျဖင့္ နတ္ပူေဇာ္သည့္ ျဖစ္ရပ္မ်ားကုိ ၾကားေနရပါတယ္။ UK က Sunday 5 March 2006 ေန႔က ထုတ္တဲ့ “guardian” Internet[2] သတင္းစာမ်က္မွာတြင္ Indian cult kills children for goddess ဆိုတဲ့ ေခါင္းစဥ္နဲ႔ သတင္းတစ္ပုဒ္ေရးသားထားပါတယ္  Uttar Pradesh ျပည္နယ္မွာ ခေလးငယ္မ်ားကို သတ္၍  Kili နတ္သမီးကို ပူေဇာ္သည့္ျဖစ္ရပ္မ်ားကို အက်ယ္တ၀င့္ေရးသားထားတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္၊ အိႏၵိယျပည္ ေျမာက္ပိုင္းတြင္ အျဖစ္မ်ားျပီး ေ၀းလံေခါင္သီ၊ ဖြိ႔ျဖိဳးတိုးတက္မွဳ မရွိသည့္ အရပ္ေဒသေတြမွမွာ ျဖစ္ပြားေလ့ရွိသည္ဟု ဆိုထားပါတယ္။ လူ႔အသက္ကိုသတ္ျပီး လူသားမဆန္တဲ့ ဘယ္လိုပူေဇာ္ပသမွဳမ်ိဳး ကိုမဆို အိႏၵိယဥပေဒအရ တရားဥပေဒခ်ိဳးေဖာက္မွဳျဖစ္ျပီး   ျပင္းျပင္း ထန္ထန္ အေရးယူ ခံရ မွာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒီလိုလူသားမဆန္တဲ့ အျပဳအမူေတြကိုယာဥ္ေက်းတဲ့ လူ႔အသိုင္းကလက္ခံႏိုင္စရာ အေၾကာင္းမရွိပါ။ အဲဒီလိုျပစ္မွဳေတြ လြန္က်ဴးသူေတြကို အိႏၵိယအစိုးက ေသဒဏ္ေပး၍ အေရးယူခဲ့ဘူးပါတယ္။[3] 

ဒီေန႔ေခတ္ ၂၁ ရာစုထဲမွာပင္ အဓိပ္ပါယ္မဲ့တဲ့ အယူအဆ၊ ကိုးကြယ္ပူေဇာ္ပသမွဳေတြဟာ ရွင္သန္ ေနဆဲပါ။ ေမာဟအေမွာင္မိုက္ေတြနဲ႔ အေတြးအေခၚ၊ ယံုၾကည္မွဳေတြပ်က္စီးျပီး ေလာဘ၊ေဒါသ၊ ေမာဟ တရားေတြ အားၾကီးၾကီးစိုးေနသမွ်  ယဥ္ေက်းျပီး ျပည့္စံုတဲ့လူ႔အသိုင္းအ၀န္းတစ္ခုျဖစ္လာဖို႔ အလွမ္းေ၀းေနအံုးမွာပါ။

 

ေနတံ ေခါ သရဏံ ေခမံ၊ ေနတံ သရဏမုတၱမံ။
ေနတံ သရဏမာဂမၼ၊ သဗၺဒုကၡာ ပမုစၥတိ။

ဤ ေတာ ေတာင္ ေနရာ အထိကရသစ္ပင္စေသာ ကိုးကြယ္ရာ ဟူသမွ်ကို ကိုးကြယ္ျခင္းသည္ 
ေဘးကင္းေသာ ကိုးကြယ္ျခင္းမဟုတ္၊ ျမတ္ေသာ  ကိုးကြယ္ျခင္း မဟုတ္၊ ဤကိုးကြယ္ရာ 
ဟူသမွ်ကို ကိုးကြယ္ဆည္းကပ္ ပူေဇာ္ပသျခင္းေၾကာင့္ ဆင္းရဲဒုကၡအေပါင္းတို႔မွ မလြတ္ေျမာက္ႏုိင္။
                                (ဓမၼပဒ ဂါထာ၊ ၁၈၉)

 

 

ရည္ညြန္း။  သာရိပုတၱေထရ ႏွင့္ သဟာယကျဗာဟၼဏ၀တၳဳ၊ ဓမၼပဒ
              သံကိစၥသာမေဏ၀တၳဳ၊ ဓမၼပဒ
              ၃၇ နတ္မင္း၊ ဦးဖိုးက်ား
             http://en.wikipedia.org/


[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sacrifice#cite_note-102
[2] http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/mar/05/india.theobserver
[3] http://www.religionnewsblog.com/5453/death-to-those-guilty-of-human-sacrifice