ႏိုင္ငံျခားသားဗုဒၶဘာသာရဟန္းေတာ္မ်ား သိသင့္ေသာ ထိုင္းဗုဒၶဘာသာ က်င့္၀တ္စည္းကမ္း (၀ိနည္း) အခ်ဳိ႕

ရဟန္းေတာ္မ်ားႏွင့္ တိုက္ရုိက္သက္ဆိုင္ေသာ ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံ ဗုဒၶဘာသာ က်င့္၀တ္စည္းကမ္း ၀ိနည္းအခ်ဳိ႕ကို ေဖာ္ျပလိုက္ပါသည္။

ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံသည္ ေထရ၀ါဒ ဗုဒၶဘာသာႏိုင္ငံျဖစ္၏။ ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံ၏ ၈၅ ရာခိုင္ႏွဳန္း လူဦးေရမွာ ဗုဒၶဘာသာ၀င္မ်ား  ျဖစ္ၾကပါသည္။ ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံတြင္ ရဟန္းေတာ္မ်ားဆြမ္းခံခ်ိန္သည္ မနက္ ေစာေစာ ၅ နာရီမွ ၈ နာရီေက်ာ္ထိသာျဖစ္၏။ ထိုင္းရဟန္းေတာ္ မ်ားသည္  အ၀ါေရာင္ သဃၤန္းမ်ားကိုသာ ၀တ္ဆင္ၾကပါသည္။ ထိုင္းရဟန္းေတာ္မ်ားမွာ ဆံပင္ကို တစ္လတြင္ တစ္ခါသာ ရိတ္ရၿပီး၊ မ်က္ခံုးေမႊးကိုမူ ေျပာင္ေနေအာင္ အၿမဲတမ္း ရိတ္ထားရ၏။ တစ္ခါတေလ ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံသား ဗုဒၶဘာသာ၀င္မ်ားသည္  မ်က္ခံုးေမႊးကားကားႏွင့္ ရဟန္းေတာ္မ်ားကို ျမင္ေတြ႔ရလွ်င္ ႏိုင္ငံျခားသား ရဟန္းမ်ားလားဟု သတိမရတတ္ၾကဘဲ ရဟန္းအတုလား၊ အစစ္လား၊အထူးအဆန္းပါလားဟု အမူအယာမ်ဳိးျဖင့္ စိုက္စိုက္ၾကည့္တတ္ၾက၏။ ႏိုင္ငံျခားသား ရဟန္းေတာ္မ်ား အထူးသျဖင့္ ျမန္မာ ရဟန္းေတာ္မ်ားမွာ ၄င္းအၾကည့္မ်ဳိးကို အမ်ားဆံုး ခံရ ေတြ႔ရ ၾကံဳရတတ္ၾက၏။

ေနာက္ၿပီး ျမန္မာဗုဒၶဘာသာ အသိုင္းအ၀န္းတြင္ က်င့္သံုးေလ့မရွိေသာ က်င့္၀တ္စည္းကမ္း (၀ိနည္း) အခ်ဳိ႕ကိုလည္း ထိုင္းဗုဒၶဘာသာ၀င္မ်ားႏွင့္ ထိုင္းရဟန္းေတာ္မ်ား က်င့္သံုးၾကပါသည္။ ဥပမာ။ ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံတြင္ ရဟန္းေတာ္မ်ားသည္ အမ်ဳိးသမီးမ်ားထံမွ လွဴဒါန္းမွဴ တစ္စံုတစ္ခုကို လက္ခံသည္ျဖစ္ေစ၊ အျပန္အလွန္ေပးကမ္းမွဳမ်ဳိး၌ ျဖစ္ေစ အမ်ဳိးသမီး လက္ထဲမွ အရာ၀တၳဳကို တိုက္ရုိက္ ကိုင္တြယ္ျခင္း၊ (အလွဴ)လက္ခံျခင္း မျပဳရပါ။ တင္စရာ အ၀တ္စ (ထိုင္းပရိကၡရာပစၥည္းမ်ားတြင္ ၄င္းအ၀တ္ သဃၤန္းစ ပါ၀င္) တစ္ခုခုျဖင့္ ဒါမွမဟုတ္ အနီးနားက ခံုေပၚတြင္ေသာ္၄င္း၊ မိမိလြယ္အိတ္ျဖင့္ေသာ္၄င္း ခံယူရပါသည္။ ေစ်း၀ယ္ရာတြင္လည္း မိမိေပးေသာ ေငြေၾကးကို အမ်ဳိးသမီးေစ်းဆိုင္ရွင္က ဒီအတိုင္း မိမိလက္ထဲမွ တိုက္ရုိက္ မယူပါ၊ အနီးအနားက စားပဲြခံု သို႔မဟုတ္ စာအုပ္ေပၚ၌ျဖစ္ေစ တစ္ဆင့္ခံေပးမွသာ အဆင္ေျပလိမ့္မည္။ အမ်ိဳးသမီးမ်ားႏွင့္ မထိမိေစရန္ ျဖစ္၏။ ပို၍ ထင္ရွားေသာ အခ်က္ကား ရဟန္းေတာ္မ်ားသည္ အမ်ဳိးသမီးမ်ားႏွင့္ လံုး၀ ထိမိ၊ တိုက္မိျခင္း မရွိရပါ။ လမ္းသြားျခင္း၊ ကားစီျခင္းက အစ အမ်ဳိးသမီးမ်ားႏွင့္ မထိ၊ မတိုက္မိရေအာင္ အထူးဂရုစိုက္ သတိထားၾကရ၏။ အမ်ိဳးသမီးမ်ားသည္လည္း ရဟန္းေတာ္မ်ားႏွင့္ မထိမိ၊ မတိုက္မိရေအာင္ အထူးဂရုစိုက္ၾကပါသည္။

စာဖတ္သူ အရွင္သည္ ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံသို႔ မည္သည့္အေၾကာင္းေၾကာင့္မဆို အခြင့္ႀကံဳ၍ ေရာက္ခဲ့လွ်င္ အထက္ပါ မတူကဲြျပား အေၾကာင္းအရာမ်ားကို သတိျပဳေစခ်င္ပါသည္။

ျမန္မာရဟန္းေတာ္မ်ားအတြက္ ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံတကၠသိုလ္မ်ားလမ္းၫႊန္ ( A Guide to Universities in Thailand for Myanmar Monks)

ထြက္ပါၿပီ။
စအုပ္ရရွိႏိုင္ေသာေနရာမ်ား-

၁၊ မဂၤလာရာမပါဠိတကၠသိုလ္၊ သိမ္ျဖဴလမ္း၊ ဗိုလ္တေထာင္
၂၊ သစၥာမ႑ိဳင္စာအုပ္ဆိုင္ (ေရြတိဂုံ ေတာင္ဘက္မုခ္)
၃၊ ျမၾကာငံုစာအုပ္ဆိုင္ (ေရြတိဂံု အေရွ႕ဘက္မုခ္)
၄၊ ရန္ကုန္ေဆာင္၊ ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္ပရိယတၱိသာသနာ့တကၠသိုလ္ (ရန္ကုန္)၊ ကမၻာေအး

   ေဒါက္တာ အသွ်င္ဥာဏုတၱရ၏ အမွာစာ

Before anything else, preparation is the key to success.

''အေၾကာင္းအရာတစ္ခုကို ၾကိုတင္ေလ့လာျပင္ဆင္ထားမႈသည္  ေအာင္ျမင္မႈ၏ ေသာ့ခ်က္'' ဟု ဆိုၾက၏၊
 ဗုဒၶဘာသာကို ကမၻာ သိေအာင္ သာသနာျပဳလိုသူမ်ားနွင့္ နိုင္ငံျခားတကၠသိုလ္မ်ားတြင္ အဆင့္ျမင့္ပညာေရးကိုလိုက္စားလိုေသာ စာဖတ္သူအရွင္တို့အတြက္ ဘာေတြကို ၾကိဳတင္ေလ့လာျပင္ဆင္ထားရမည္ဆိုတာကို စာျပဳစုသူ အရွင္ဥာဏိကက အထူးသျဖင့္ ထိုင္းနိုင္ငံရိွ ဗုဒၶဘာသာဆိုင္ရာ တကၠသိုလ္မ်ားအေၾကာင္းအရာမ်ားကို သူ့အေတြ့အၾကံုနွင့္ ေပါင္း စပ္ကာ တင္ျပထားသည္။

ဤစာအုပ္သည္ မို်းဆက္သစ္ ျမန္မာရဟန္းပို်မ်ားအတြက္ နိုင္ငံတကာအဆင့္ျမင့္ ပညာေရးအခြင့္အလမ္းကို မီးေမာင္းထိုးျပထား ျခင္း၊  ဆိုင္ရာဘဲြ့သင္တန္းမ်ားအတြက္ သိသင့္သိထိုက္ေသာ အခ်က္ အလက္မ်ားကို ရိုးရွင္းစြာ တင္ျပေပးထားျခင္း၊ 

ထပ္၍ဆိုရေသာ္ ဤ စာအုပ္သည္ ထိုင္းနိုင္ငံ၊ တကၠသိုလ္မ်ားတြင္ ပညာသင္ၾကားၾကမည့္ မို်းဆက္သစ္အရွင္မ်ားကို အျပည့္အ၀ အေထာက္အကူေပးမည့္
စာအုပ္ျဖစ္ပါေၾကာင္း ေစတနာေကာင္းျဖင့္ အမွာစကား ေရးသား လိုက္ပါသည္။

                ေဒါက္တာ အသွ်င္ဥာဏုတၱရ
               ေကလဏိယတကၠသိုလ္၊ သီရိလကၤာ
   ရက္စဲြ၊ ၂၀၁၂-ခု ဒီဇင္ဘာလ ၁၂ ရက္

Phra Pathom Chedi

A Short Introduction 

Thailand is one of well known Buddhist countries in Southeast Asian nations. To Thai people, Buddhism is their main religion as well as part of their life. They preserve and promote their religion. With rich of Buddhist cultures and arts, there are many interesting places including ancient old cities, Buddhist temples, and sites to see. Among the Buddhist pilgrimage places in Thailand “Phra Patom Chedi” is one of famous Buddhist site located in Nakhom Pathom province which is considered the oldest city in Thailand. It is 56 km west of Bangkok. In this paper, I will talk about Phra Pathom Chedi and its interesting things based on Buddhist art work.

Historical Background of Phra Pathom Chedi

When we talk about Thai Buddhism and its origins through historical development, the location of Phra Pathom Chedi and the Chedi’s important event is always mentioned.  

According to tradition, Nakhom Pathom was the capital or one of the most important cities of Suwannabhumi[1] where Buddhism was introduced by the Theravada missionary monks Sona and Uttara Theres more than two thousand years ago, and then the land became an active centre for the propagation of the teachings of the Buddha though long history of Thailand. Among the different scholars, the location of Suwanabhumi is unclear answer even today and none one can say that where exactly is Suwannabhumi. However Nakhom Pathom in Thailand is very important place for Buddhism and archeological studies because many archeological remains and materials are found such as stūpa and its foundations, carved stone, bronze sculptures, clay and stucco artifacts especially concerning with Buddhism or Buddhist art including Dhammacakra wheel stone, Buddha image, jataka stories, inscription table etc. It has been studied that the discoveries of various objects in Nakhom Pathom city area link to Dvaravati civilization known as Mon-Dvaravati or Kingdom which once reached high power and cultural development and the center of civilization as well as Buddhism during that time.

We cannot all do great things, but we can do small thing with a great love.
                                                                                  [Mother Teresa]


I prefer you to make mistakes in kindness than work miracles in unkindness.
                                                                              [Mother Teresa]


Consideration for others is the basic of a good life, a good society.
                                                                               [Confucius]

The Role of Buddhist Ethics in Daily Life

                                                  Introduction

The role of Buddhist ethics in our society is very necessary and important element. In modern academic work the study of ethics is becoming very popular topic such as among religious concern, science, politics, social and medical context etc. Particularly it classify into a branch of philosophy. Therefore, it is clearly seen that how the role of ethics takes place major position in our human society. Broadly speaking, in everyday of our lives ethics are involved in various ways. Whatever we act or decide to do something, the issue of ethics is to be considered seriously concerning our activities are weather right and wrong or ethical or unethical standard. Therefore is the basic considerable and it comes out to be an essential part of our daily life.

At the same time, the way of the understanding of ethics is discussed widely as a controversy question in different field of modern society with argument or disagreement regarding from different perspective within various societies. In modern day especially in West, Buddhist moral concepts are widely discussed from their point of view pointing out Buddhism has rich ideas to deal with modern ethical interests.

In this study of The Role of Buddhist Ethics in Daily Life, I will mainly emphasize on Buddhist ethics as my subject field, from Buddhist perspective, which plays a very important role regarding as a basic foundation of Buddhist doctrine.

                                                    

A Complex Study of Lay Person’s Arahantship in Milindapañhña

Historical introduction of Milindapañha

It is known that about 500 years after the Buddha’s death and just 1^st century (2^nd Century B.C)[1] before modern era, there was a King named Minlinda (Menander) who was an Indo-Bactrian ruler and had great knowledge and lived in Sagala city in Yonaka country, which is in Pakistan modern day. King Milinda asked Ven.Nagasena many questions and discussed concerning with Buddhist doctrines, philosophical, psychological and ethical concepts and so on and Ven.Nagasena answered them all and discussed with the King. So it came to know as Minlindapañña (the Questions of King Milinda) which is the dialogue between the Kind and Ven.Nagasena. In addition, the Minlindapañña is one of most famous text for Theravada Buddhism and it is recognized highly in Tipitaka being put under Khdhaka Nikaya in Burmese Tipitaka vision.

In this paper, I would like to present topic on A complex study of lay person’s Arahantship in Milindapañhña and I will discuss it also give some ideas and information from other original Pali text and sources concerning with the point.

Arahantship of lay person in Milindapañhña

“Whosever has attained, as a layman, to Arahantship, one of two conditions are possible to him and on the other―either that very day he enters the Order, or he dies away, for beyond that day he cannot last”.[2] This is proposed by the King and asked to Ven.Nagasena the reason why that person has to die.   Ven Nagasena replied that “it is the condition of laymanship which is at fault, O King. In that faulty condition, and by reason of the weakness of the condition itself, the layman who, as such, has attained to Arahatship must either, that very day, enter the Order or did away. That is not the fault of Arahatship, O King. It is laymanship that is at fault, through not being strong enough.”[3]